In the nearly three weeks since the Gaza conflict erupted, I’ve had the misfortune of reading a huge amount of commentary on outlets ranging from the mainstream to the obscure. Some of it was just asinine, much of it was plain disturbing. And while there was a great deal of it, the three pieces I discuss below - and particularly the one I begin with, which involves some unpleasant mind bending - nonetheless stand out for me.
Stephen Walt, co-author of “The Israel Lobby,” is now a blogger at the revamped Foreign Policy website. In one of his opening salvos, Walt proposes what he calls a “thought experiment,” although one suspects that, for him, this is closer to erotic fantasy:
Imagine that Egypt, Jordan, and Syria had won the Six Day War, leading to a massive exodus of Jews from the territory of Israel. Imagine that the victorious Arab states had eventually decided to permit the Palestinians to establish a state of their own on the territory of the former Jewish state. (That’s unlikely, of course, but this is a thought experiment). Imagine that a million or so Jews had ended up as stateless refugees confined to that narrow enclave known as the Gaza Strip. Then imagine that a group of hardline Orthodox Jews took over control of that territory and organized a resistance movement. They also steadfastly refused to recognize the new Palestinian state, arguing that its creation was illegal and that their expulsion from Israel was unjust. Imagine that they obtained backing from sympathizers around the world and that they began to smuggle weapons into the territory. Then imagine that they started firing at Palestinian towns and villages and refused to stop despite continued reprisals and civilian casualties.
Here’s the question: would the United States be denouncing those Jews in Gaza as “terrorists” and encouraging the Palestinian state to use overwhelming force against them?
Here’s another: would the United States have even allowed such a situation to arise and persist in the first place?
From the way he poses these two questions, Walt suggests that his answer to both of them is “no.” To arrive at those conclusions though, he has to contort his experiment in such a way as to exclude the likeliest outcome: one which, for political reasons, he’d rather not consider.
Take the fact that the population of Israel in 1967 was 2.9 million. From that, we can conclude that 1.9 million people are missing from Walt’s refugee population. What happened to them? Walt doesn’t say, but it’s not too hard to figure out, if we allow reality to intrude into the experiment for a brief moment. They are all dead.
And they are dead not just because Walt doesn’t account for them. They are dead because - whether in 1967 or 2009 - the elimination of Israel as a sovereign state is possible only through the imposition of massive force against the Israeli population. As Michael Oren notes in his book “Six Days of War,” Cairo Radio was threatening Israel with “death and annihilation” on the eve of the 1967 war, in much the same way as Radio Milles Collines in Rwanda issued bloodcurdling threats to the Tutsi population in 1994 and various Serb broadcasters did the same to the Bosnians between 1992-95. Walt’s thought experiment, therefore, is predicated on the occurrence of genocide.
With that established, let’s then say, in keeping with Walt’s number, that one-third of the Jewish population survives the onslaught. What on earth would they be doing in the Gaza Strip? And why would they be permitted to carry on existing there? Under the terms of Walt’s own experiment, it doesn’t make sense to conceive of somewhere called the Gaza Strip in the first place: that sliver of land would have been subsumed into a territory reunited, as the pro-Hamas demonstrators like to chant, from the river to the sea - and then carved up between Egypt and Syria.
More fundamentally, under the terms of this experiment, it is impossible to conceive of a sizable Jewish population remaining in the environs of Israel/Palestine after such a defeat. The conquering powers would have no reason to end their offensive against the remnants of Israel’s population. Quite who their “sympathizers from the outside world,” as Walt puts it, might be is an utter mystery - The Elders?
There would be no outside body - no UN peacekeeping force, for example - to shepherd the refugees into an adjacent territory, like Gaza, and ensure they were protected from further attacks. For that to happen, the UN would be required to do what it has traditionally been reluctant to do: deploy its Blue Helmets in an offensive capacity, in this case against the armies of three powerful states allied with the oil-rich Gulf monarchies and with plenty of friends among the newly decolonized countries in the General Assembly.
So if the one million Jews can’t go to Gaza, where can they go? To begin with, in a horrible echo of what German Jews were faced with in the 1930s, the answer would not immediately be apparent, and so many more would be slaughtered while they were trying to figure out their final destination. At the end, the number of those spared or lucky enough to get out would thus be far, far smaller.
Having established the consequences of Israel’s military defeat, we can now return to Walt’s two questions. With question one, the answer is still no, but for very different reasons. No, Jews would not be lobbing missiles from “Gaza” into Greater Syria - or whatever the successor state might have been called - because they wouldn’t be there in the first place. And by extension, the US wouldn’t be denouncing them for precisely that same reason: there would be nothing to denounce. What is more conceivable is the prospect that a tiny group among the small band of survivors would have bombed an Arab diplomatic mission in Paris, say, or New York. And the strong likelihood is that the US would have condemned that.
As to question two, if Walt believes that the US would have stepped in to prevent Israel’s defeat in 1967, he is probably right - but the reason has nothing to do with the Israel Lobby. The Six Day War was an excellent example of how Cold War tensions were concentrated in a regional conflagration. An Israeli defeat would have massively boosted Soviet power. The Soviets would have been in virtual control of the Suez Canal. The petrified Gulf monarchies would have done Moscow’s bidding on oil prices and oil supply. In fact, one can arguably say that had the 1967 war resulted in the scenario described in Walt’s thought experiment, the Berlin Wall would still be standing as erect and as forbidding as ever.
“The Israel Lobby,” the book which Walt co-authored with John Mearsheimer, forced the facts to fit its basic thesis - and Walt is doing that again. So driven is he to prove that Israel’s domestic lobby forces the US to follow policies that it otherwise wouldn’t follow, anything contradictory or inconvenient is brushed aside.
Walt is therefore prepared to consider, under the terms of the first question, the existence of a powerful Jewish lobby without a Jewish State. In other words, AIPAC would still exist - it would just have to remove the letter “I” from its acronym. Observes a puzzled Ross Douthat, “…presumably the rump Orthodox Gaza - run, perhaps, by Verbover Jews - wouldn’t have an all-powerful lobby shaping U.S. policy and public opinion to its specifications. Or am I missing something?”
As Megan McArdle correctly remarks, a pro-Israel lobby doesn’t necessarily require a Jewish state - but it is equally true that without one, its prominence would be much diminished. Stephen Walt appears to be saying that, even if the State of Israel had been destroyed in 1967, he and Mearsheimer would still have published their book in 2007. If this is correct, then, at this point, his theory of Jewish power leaves the realm of the real for the realm of the cosmic.
I’ve left myself little space to deal with the other two pieces which struck me, so I’ll be brief. There was Max Blumenthal’s sorry attempt to do some “cruel TV” on those who attended the recent Israel solidarity rally in New York. Now, if you walk up to the average person attending a rally on a cold day and stick a microphone in their face, chances are - especially with a bit of nifty editing - you can make them sound pretty stupid. But to be sure of pulling it off, the person carrying the microphone requires a certain swagger; with his nerdy demeanour, Blumenthal fails dismally in that department.
Then there was this flaky piece on the BBC heralding the end of neo-conservatism. “Many neo-cons are Jews, but it is wrong to suggest that neo-conservatism is an exclusively Jewish phenomenon,” wrote author Jonathan Clarke in its opening paragraphs. OK. So why mention it then?


I wouldn’t have seen the Blumenthal piece but for this blog.
I found the video tough to watch not because of Blumenthal’s demeanor, but because I heard many similar disturbing ideas at a recent Boston rally: references to the “Angel of Death” and the hopeful arrival of Moshiach after war.
I hear even worse in private conversations with some of my friends on the Jewish religious right.
As I wandered through the crowd in Boston on this occasion (and at other rallies for other wars), I often felt, “some of us Jews can rationalize anything.”
Yes, Hamas had to be attacked. But we really do need to discuss that blockade.
Eric, agreed there are discussions to be had. But walking around like a self-righteous schmuck and waving a camera and a microphone at people who have probably never given a radio or TV interview in their lives - and then editing them down to make them look even more silly - is not the way to do it.
Hi, Ben,
Let’s stipulate that Blumenthal is a poor reporter, has a bias, and is a bad person.
My point is I don’t think the comments on the video were surprising in the slightest. When I hear similar comments at pro-Israel rallies, they are unedited and unexpurgated, and no one shoves a microphone in anybody’s face.
An Israel lobby without a State is merely a Jewish lobby.
The idea that of an all powerful Jewish lobby was a favorite of the America first crowd in the 1930’s. People like Lindbergh saw Jews trying to get the US to declare war on Germany on behalf of their European cousins. This was a favorite theme of the antisemites of that period.
The more Walt writes on this issues the more he reveals his own kinship with this way of thinking.
The most disgusting reaction to the Gaza conflict I have seen thus far is a “letter signed by UK academics hoping for a military defeat for Israel and “taking sides against Israel” in this war.”
http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/01/16/letter-signed-by-uk-academics-hoping-for-a-military-defeat-for-israel-and-taking-sides-against-israel-in-this-war/#comments
The call for an Israeli defeat is a call for the destruction of the Jewish State, a call to genocide.
That dozens of UK Professors signed this letter shows the deep inroads antisemitic thought has made into academia in that country. This is all very familiar it reminds one, of the German University turning against their Jewish students and teachers in the 30, as well as the anti Zionist propaganda put out by Soviet professors during the Stalin period and beyond.
I fear for the future of higher education in the UK.
Eric, ok, but you hear lots of different things at rallies. How representative are these voices that you encountered?
What strikes me is that most of the signs carried at the pro-Israel rallies emphasize the themes of peace and security for Israel. Unlike the other sides rallies, which are replete with Hamas and Hezbollah flags and signs equating Zionism with Nazism.
Eric, since you think “we really do need to discuss that blockade”, let’s discuss that “blockade” by first acknowledging a few facts: after Israel’s complete withdrawal from the Gaza strip in fall 2005, the US sponsored negotiations about the rules governing the Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt. When these negotiations were concluded in November 2005, Saeb Erekat, the Palestinian negotiator, stated with much satisfaction:
“This is the first time in history we will run an international passage by ourselves, and it’s the first time Israel does not have a veto over our ability to do so.”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/15/AR2005111500144_2.html
Erekat was correct in emphasizing that Israel didn’t have a veto; however, Hamas had a veto: after Hamas seized power in Gaza and ousted Fatah, they refused to honor the agreement, and Egypt therefore closed the Rafah crossing. Exactly a year ago, in January 2008, Egypt initiated talks with Hamas about re-opening the crossing, but Hamas insisted on its refusal to recognize the agreement. So, if there was a blockade, it was a blockade imposed by Hamas.
Some facts about the “blockade” in the months during the so-called cease fire are here:
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2008/Humanitarian_assistance+_to_Gaza_since_June_19_calm_understanding_18_Nov_2008.htm
Petra, the link you provided is interesting, of course, but it is an Israeli government site and, therefor, hardly objective.
In any event, the blockade was not the subject of Ben’s original post, so this is probably not the right space to get into a detailed discussion about the blockade.
My thesis is we can walk and chew gum at the same time: we can all agree on the need to attack Hamas, but we can also sit back a bit and reflect on things the Israeli government can perhaps do a little better regarding its relationship with the residents of Gaza.
I hope that is not controversial.
“I found the video tough to watch not because of Blumenthal’s demeanor, but because I heard many similar disturbing ideas”
So you find it embarrassing that Jews can be religious and explain their plights in terms of God’s grace?
You find Jews can be unsophisticated and inarticulate, Jews dancing and singing “Am Israel Chai”, “disturbing”?
Can you cite something that is genuinely disturbing, in the order of “Jews are our dogs” and “To the gas chambers” from anything actually said in this video?
Is this the best, or rather, worst madding crowd of Jews, that Blumenthal could find?
Are Jews not allowed their humanity, so that what is freely allowed to a Christian or a Muslim, is denied to them, because they are Jews, and should know better than to speak about God and the Mashiach?
What is this “better”, btw? Max Blumenthal equating the circumcision with the Ashura rites?
http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2008-01-19-saturday_N.htm
I can’t see that this video proves anything or says anything. Many Jews are religious and believe in the coming of the Mashiach. Many Jews are devoted to Israel. Many Jews can actually speak of Hamas (not Arabs, not Palestinians) which they want to see wiped out.